L/O: to research the history, companies and regulators in the television industry.
- Publicly owned TV channel- media outlets whose primary mission is public service. In much of the world, funding comes from the government
- Commercial TV channel- is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship.
- Convergence- the blending of multiple media forms into one platform for purposes of delivering a dynamic experience
- Watershed-the time when TV programmes which might be unsuitable for children can be broadcast. The uk is 9pm.
- Segmented market-when you divide your audience into different groups based on various criteria, such as demographics and media use
- mainstream- mass audience; the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal or conventional.
- Self-regulating- the fact of something such as an organization regulating itself without intervention from external bodies
- Franchise-an authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities
- Channel surfing-the action or practice of surfing through television programs usually by use of a remote control
- PSB- Public Service Broadcasting is broadcasting made, financed and controlled by the public
- TV licence-watch and record programmes as they're being shown on TV or live on an online TV service.
- Scheduling-refers to the pattern of timing of an advertising which is represented as plots on a flowchart on a yearly basis
- Conglomerate-a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises.
1. When was TV introduced to the UK? September 22nd 1955
2. In 1965 how many channels were in the UK and what were they? 3 channels BBC 1, BBC 2 and ITV
3. When did ITV start? Why was it different? 1959, it was different as it was a duopoly. Now we have thousands.
4. Which Uk channels have to follow PSB remits? BBC
5. Who regulates TV now? Ofcom
6. Who regulated tv channels in the 1960s? ITA regulated ITV and BBC was self-regulated
7.List the differences TV in the 60s & now? Colour, more shows, editing, better technology.
5/11/19 The Avengers & 1960's
L/O: research the 60's (UK) in terms of social, historic and political climate of the decade; research the TV show the Avengers.
What do we know about the 1960's?
- First contraceptive pill
- Society was male dominated despite female rights increased
- Society was racist
- Civil rights act 1960
- Moon landing
- Famous bands like the Beatles were very popular
- England won the world cup in 1966
- Lots of drug use
- different attitudes to health and safety
- UK was poor after the war
- No technology
- The cold war- race to see who could build nuclear weapons first.
- Attitudes to sex and fashion changed
- Got rid of death penalty
- Society was split between the younger and older generation
Where do your impressions come from?
- Films
- Some music
- History lessons
- Family
What had happened in the UK during the 40s/50s?
- End on WW2
- First contraceptive pill
- Rights changes as women didn't want to be treated the same after the war
The most famous bands in 1960 consisted of the Beatles and The Rolling Stones and were very popular across the world. The political party in charge at the time was labor and the prime ministers in this decade were Harald Macmillan and Harald Wilson. The main three youth group fashions were Hippies, Mods and Rockers and fashion followed them. Mods and Rockers would meet up and fight in different places and end up getting arrested. Illegal drugs were a massive part of culture at the time as drugs were used my popular bands and artists. The scientific development that changed women lives was the introduction of the contraceptive pill that prevented pregnancy.
What institution produced the Avengers?
-ITV
Who was the primary and secondary audience?
-Young adults (18-25) Teenagers
When did the first episode air?
-7th January 1961
How many viewers followed the show?
-
How many seasons were made?
-6
What date was the last episode aired?
-21 May 1969
What was the budget for series 4?
-1 million
15/11/19
L/O to explore the history of ownership in two key channels
Television in the 2010's
L/O research the 2010s in terms of social, cultural and political climate of the decade. Research tv usage in 2015
Cufs 22/11/19
Characters and Individual storyline
PC Ryan Draper (Ashley Walters)
He is the main character of the show, he is represented as the typical police officer. His job is difficult due to government cuts which is what people were protesting about in the UK in 2015. He is seen as a mentor also, which many of the public would have seen officers at the time due to attacks around Europe.
PC Jake Vickers (Jacob Ifan)
He is represented as the weakest officer, he is new to the job and doesn't know what to do. He is the chiefs son, which soon becomes annoying and his mentor, PC Ryan Draper analyses his every move.
DS Jo Moffat (Amenda Abbington)
She is a talented detective, and diligent and organised. However her personal life isn't so good. She is a single woman and divorced. She represents a lot of struggle which would have happened in the police force, like not having funds for certain cases and struggles with solving cases like not getting an interview
Chief Super Robert Vickers (Peter Sullivan)
Father of Jake, Robert is the head chief of the police force. He organises most things and presents cases to the media. He is a great representation of the struggles of the police force and budget cuts which happened in 2015, he has to present mistakes to the media which could have been solved via better communication or a higher budget.
DC Carl Hawkins (Shaun Dooley)
Carl is a detective constable on the police force, he beliegs everything will eventually turn out okay.
DI Felix Kane (Paul Ready)
Felix is detective inspector on the police force, he has always been a loner however is diligent and organised on the job.
PC Donna Prager (Eleanor Matsoura)
Donna is another one of the leading officers, she is haed working and always up for the job. Her and Lino are best mates and always up for the job.
PC Lino Moretti (Alex Carter)
Lino is again one of the other leading officers in the job, he isn't the most hard working or up to scale on fitness but him and Donna are a good duo in fighting the crime.
8/11/18
Todorov's narrative theory
The narrative
Equilibrium- Mrs Peele is having a relaxing morning exercising.
Disruption- Mr Steed goes into her house and tells her they are going to take part in an investigation.
Disruption- They are locked in a pub
Disruption- Death of the fat man
Disruption- Mrs Peele gets kidnapped
Resolution- Steed rescues Peele and they realise they are imposters. They also find out people are trying to take over Britain and go underground to investigate.
New Equilibrium- Peele and Steed are on a motorbike and are flirting again.
Mrs Peele is a young women who is an agent. She could appeal to a female audience as she can be seen as a role model and shows women can be heroic and be an agent. It also shows how viewpoints slightly changed after the war. She would also appeal to a male target audience as men would see her as a young attractive female.
Mr Steed is a middle aged man who is also an agent. He would appeal to a male audience as he is seen as the person who they can look up to and would aspire to be like him. He would also appeal to middle age women as they could find him attractive.
29/11/19
Avengers Practice question.
How is britishness represented in this scene in terms of mise-en-scene.
Posh British fashion- formal suit
Drinking tea
How is war paranoia/ racism represented in this scene through miss-en-scene?
the blowing out of the candle represents the black out in the war
in this scene, racism is shown as no ethnic minorities in the scene.
Fear of the Russians
How was the context of the 1960s shown in the different representations used in episode 1?
The context of the 60s is shown through the Gender, age, class, sexuality and ethnicity. It is shown through gender as Mrs Peel is sexualised and tried to be seen as the attractive to the target audience. She follows the stereotypes at the time as she has to be saved by Mr Steed. She is also sexualised because of what she wears in the opening scene.
3/12/19
How is media language use to portray gender and sexuality the 60's?
The camera work and miss-en-scene is used to portray gender and sexuality, as at the start of scene the camera tilts and pans towards the big eye which represents women as it has makeup on it. After this the shot changes to a mid shot at a low angle on Mr Steed showing his masculinity and male dominance. The shot makes him seem bigger and more powerful. This relates to the male superiority in the 1960's. When the shot changes to Mrs Peel the shot is higher connoting female inferiority at the time and implies Mr Steed is the one in charge. Later in the scene the shot pans down bathing the eye line of Mr Steed looking at the body of Mrs Peel. This shows the lack of respect from Mr Steed and has connotations of sexuality in the 60's.
The sound in the scene is used to portray gender and sexuality in the 60s as the scene starts off with non- diegetic erotic music to show the sexual relationship and attraction between the two characters. It then follows by Mr Steed 'ringing the bell of Mrs Peel' again showing gender and sexuality. The characters then use diegetic dialogue when Mr Steed says not enough flexibility in the wrist' connoting sex in the 60's. Later in the scene Mr Steed is breathing heavily connoting sexual practice and sexual attraction.
Editting is used to portray portray gender and sexuality as the scenes shots are joined together with a sound bridge of non diegetic music. This music is erotic and has connotations of sexual attraction between the characters. The one, two shots throughout the scene show their relationship.
18/11/18
TerminologyCamerawork
Cuffs season 1 episode 1
31/1/20
L/O to explore the TV industry in 2010s and the effect on TV shoed audiences.
- The fourth series was different to the third due to a 2million deal with ABC. This meant their production value went up and editing, camerawork and sound was better.
- Itv was seen as the working class channel compared to the BBC's middle class
What institution produced the Avengers?
-ITV
Who was the primary and secondary audience?
-Young adults (18-25) Teenagers
When did the first episode air?
-7th January 1961
How many viewers followed the show?
-
How many seasons were made?
-6
What date was the last episode aired?
-21 May 1969
What was the budget for series 4?
-1 million
15/11/19
L/O to explore the history of ownership in two key channels
Television in the 2010's
L/O research the 2010s in terms of social, cultural and political climate of the decade. Research tv usage in 2015
- Legalised gay marriage in the UK
- Black boots, leather jackets, denim vests, bombers, monochrome sports jerseys, waxed jeans, black varsity jackets, tapered sweatpants, drop-crotch trousers, layering shorts over leggings and occasionally floral print are all popular trends within this style as well.
- Social media
- Knife crime
- Video games
- Threat of terrorism
- Third wave feminism
- Rap music
- Streaming
- Brexit
The differences i would expect to see from a police drama in 2015 and 1965 are:
- In the 1965 the women would be sexualised and seen as the one who needs rescuing.
- In the modern one you would see more technology
- In the modern drama you would find gay people which wouldn't of happened in the early drama.
- In the modern drama you could see threat of terrorism and other modern issues.
Cufs 22/11/19
Characters and Individual storyline
PC Ryan Draper (Ashley Walters)
He is the main character of the show, he is represented as the typical police officer. His job is difficult due to government cuts which is what people were protesting about in the UK in 2015. He is seen as a mentor also, which many of the public would have seen officers at the time due to attacks around Europe.
PC Jake Vickers (Jacob Ifan)
He is represented as the weakest officer, he is new to the job and doesn't know what to do. He is the chiefs son, which soon becomes annoying and his mentor, PC Ryan Draper analyses his every move.
DS Jo Moffat (Amenda Abbington)
She is a talented detective, and diligent and organised. However her personal life isn't so good. She is a single woman and divorced. She represents a lot of struggle which would have happened in the police force, like not having funds for certain cases and struggles with solving cases like not getting an interview
Chief Super Robert Vickers (Peter Sullivan)
Father of Jake, Robert is the head chief of the police force. He organises most things and presents cases to the media. He is a great representation of the struggles of the police force and budget cuts which happened in 2015, he has to present mistakes to the media which could have been solved via better communication or a higher budget.
DC Carl Hawkins (Shaun Dooley)
Carl is a detective constable on the police force, he beliegs everything will eventually turn out okay.
DI Felix Kane (Paul Ready)
Felix is detective inspector on the police force, he has always been a loner however is diligent and organised on the job.
PC Donna Prager (Eleanor Matsoura)
Donna is another one of the leading officers, she is haed working and always up for the job. Her and Lino are best mates and always up for the job.
PC Lino Moretti (Alex Carter)
Lino is again one of the other leading officers in the job, he isn't the most hard working or up to scale on fitness but him and Donna are a good duo in fighting the crime.
8/11/18
Todorov's narrative theory
The narrative
Equilibrium- Mrs Peele is having a relaxing morning exercising.
Disruption- Mr Steed goes into her house and tells her they are going to take part in an investigation.
Disruption- They are locked in a pub
Disruption- Death of the fat man
Disruption- Mrs Peele gets kidnapped
Resolution- Steed rescues Peele and they realise they are imposters. They also find out people are trying to take over Britain and go underground to investigate.
New Equilibrium- Peele and Steed are on a motorbike and are flirting again.
Mrs Peele is a young women who is an agent. She could appeal to a female audience as she can be seen as a role model and shows women can be heroic and be an agent. It also shows how viewpoints slightly changed after the war. She would also appeal to a male target audience as men would see her as a young attractive female.
Mr Steed is a middle aged man who is also an agent. He would appeal to a male audience as he is seen as the person who they can look up to and would aspire to be like him. He would also appeal to middle age women as they could find him attractive.
29/11/19
Avengers Practice question.
How is britishness represented in this scene in terms of mise-en-scene.
Posh British fashion- formal suit
Drinking tea
How is war paranoia/ racism represented in this scene through miss-en-scene?
the blowing out of the candle represents the black out in the war
in this scene, racism is shown as no ethnic minorities in the scene.
Fear of the Russians
How was the context of the 1960s shown in the different representations used in episode 1?
The context of the 60s is shown through the Gender, age, class, sexuality and ethnicity. It is shown through gender as Mrs Peel is sexualised and tried to be seen as the attractive to the target audience. She follows the stereotypes at the time as she has to be saved by Mr Steed. She is also sexualised because of what she wears in the opening scene.
3/12/19
How is media language use to portray gender and sexuality the 60's?
The camera work and miss-en-scene is used to portray gender and sexuality, as at the start of scene the camera tilts and pans towards the big eye which represents women as it has makeup on it. After this the shot changes to a mid shot at a low angle on Mr Steed showing his masculinity and male dominance. The shot makes him seem bigger and more powerful. This relates to the male superiority in the 1960's. When the shot changes to Mrs Peel the shot is higher connoting female inferiority at the time and implies Mr Steed is the one in charge. Later in the scene the shot pans down bathing the eye line of Mr Steed looking at the body of Mrs Peel. This shows the lack of respect from Mr Steed and has connotations of sexuality in the 60's.
The sound in the scene is used to portray gender and sexuality in the 60s as the scene starts off with non- diegetic erotic music to show the sexual relationship and attraction between the two characters. It then follows by Mr Steed 'ringing the bell of Mrs Peel' again showing gender and sexuality. The characters then use diegetic dialogue when Mr Steed says not enough flexibility in the wrist' connoting sex in the 60's. Later in the scene Mr Steed is breathing heavily connoting sexual practice and sexual attraction.
Editting is used to portray portray gender and sexuality as the scenes shots are joined together with a sound bridge of non diegetic music. This music is erotic and has connotations of sexual attraction between the characters. The one, two shots throughout the scene show their relationship.
18/11/18
TerminologyCamerawork
- An establishing shot is usually the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place
- hand-held shooting is a filmmaking and video production technique in which a camera is held in the camera operator's hands
- A point of view shot, also known as POV shot, is an angle that shows what a character is looking at . like the picture below
- In shallow focus one plane of the image is in focus while the rest is out of focus
- Focus pulls- creative camera technique in which you change focus during a shot.
Editing
- Shot reverse shot (or shot/countershot) is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.
- Juxtaposition-the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.
- Non-continuity editing is when shots are mismatched to disrupt the impression of time and space.
- Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time, and usually in the same place
- Fast cutting is a film editing technique which refers to several consecutive shots of a brief duration
- Dissolve-Also known as mix, cross dissolve, or cross fade. It’s the most commonly used transitions from one shot to another. Dissolve is the effect that, while the first shot gradually disappears, the second shot becomes more and more visible.
- Wipe-A wipe is a type of film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape
- Fade- The terms fade-out (also called fade to black) and fade-in are used to describe a transition to and from a blank image. This is in contrast to a cut where there is no such transition.
- Effects added after a film has been filmed, like animations or CGI.
Soundtrack
- Music-vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.
- Diegetic sound is a noise which has a source on-screen.
- Non diegetic sound is when the sound doesn't have a source on screen
- Sound effects-a sound other than speech or music made artificially for use in a play, film, or other broadcast production.
- Sound bridge-A sound bridge is a type of sound editing that occurs when sound carries over a visual transition in a film.
- Voiceover- a piece of narration in a film or broadcast, not accompanied by an image of the speaker.
Mise en scene
- Low key lighting- Low-key is a term that describes images that are dark and contain few highlight areas.
- Location/set-A filming location is a place where some or all of a film or television series is produced,or where a music video is made, in addition to or instead of using sets constructed on a movie studio backlot or soundstage.
- Costume and makeup- Appearance of people in a music video or film.
- Props- objects used in a film or music video, sometimes used by characters.
- Casting-is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra for a particular role or part in a script, screenplay, or teleplay.
- Performance style- the style in which an actor performs
- Blocking-the position and movement of characters in the scene
The Avengers: the town no return 17/1/20
L/O To explore the narrative and the characters.
L/O To explore the narrative and the characters.
- Opening includes stereotypical beach with a fisherman sitting down.
- First scene shot on location showing big difference to other seasons. This meant increased publicity.
- Her apartment shows the modern side of the 60s.
- Peel is wearing a modern sexualised outfit.
- Her apartment shows the different upcoming changes in art and fashion.
- Steed is represented through the patriarchal society.
- Represents the older, upper class generation and their views.
- Peel represented as a smart, intelligent female.
- Steed slaps her bum showing gender inequality and sexualises her.
- Steed is always in control
- Stereotypical British pub
- Jaz was new music in the 60s
- The fact she is tied up links to changing views on sex in the 60s
- Narrative links to fear on invasion
- Peel is only allowed to fight other females
The camera work and miss-en-scene is used to portray gender and sexuality, as at the start of scene the camera tilts and pans towards the big eye which represents women as it has makeup on it. After this the shot changes to a mid shot at a low angle on Mr Steed showing his masculinity and male dominance. The shot makes him seem bigger and more powerful. This relates to the male superiority in the 1960's. When the shot changes to Mrs Peel the shot is higher connoting female inferiority at the time and implies Mr Steed is the one in charge. Later in the scene the shot pans down bathing the eye line of Mr Steed looking at the body of Mrs Peel. This shows the lack of respect from Mr Steed and has connotations of sexuality in the 60's.
The sound in the scene is used to portray gender and sexuality in the 60s as the scene starts off with non- diegetic erotic music to show the sexual relationship and attraction between the two characters. It then follows by Mr Steed 'ringing the bell of Mrs Peel' again showing gender and sexuality. The characters then use diegetic dialogue when Mr Steed says not enough flexibility in the wrist' connoting sex in the 60's. Later in the scene Mr Steed is breathing heavily connoting sexual practice and sexual attraction.
Editting is used to portray portray gender and sexuality as the scenes shots are joined together with a sound bridge of non diegetic music. This music is erotic and has connotations of sexual attraction between the characters. The one, two shots throughout the scene show their relationship.
The sound in the scene is used to portray gender and sexuality in the 60s as the scene starts off with non- diegetic erotic music to show the sexual relationship and attraction between the two characters. It then follows by Mr Steed 'ringing the bell of Mrs Peel' again showing gender and sexuality. The characters then use diegetic dialogue when Mr Steed says not enough flexibility in the wrist' connoting sex in the 60's. Later in the scene Mr Steed is breathing heavily connoting sexual practice and sexual attraction.
Editting is used to portray portray gender and sexuality as the scenes shots are joined together with a sound bridge of non diegetic music. This music is erotic and has connotations of sexual attraction between the characters. The one, two shots throughout the scene show their relationship.
Cuffs season 1 episode 1
- Variation in race and ethnicity
- Start of brexit
- Radio-non diegetic sound
- Cross cutting between different scenes (juxtaposing)
- Shows lack of respect from society
- 1 main narratives in avengers, in cufs there are multiple narratives
- Camera work has developed
- Peoples views have changed, acceptance.
- Shows issues with drugs and mental health
- Shoes there is still an issue with racism
- Music changes to show tension and danger
- Women in charge, change in authority
- More broken families
- Stereotypes of a lawyer-negative
- Stereotypes of teenagers-negative
- Fast pace editing
- Cross cutting
- Shoes public attitudes towards the police
- Gender stereotypes shown through emotion
- Slo motion to emphasise tention
- Stereotypes of council house- small, has bikes and items outside
- Camera represents them now working as a team
31/1/20
L/O to explore the TV industry in 2010s and the effect on TV shoed audiences.
- Celebrities make people want to watch tv shows and films
- Shifting audiences- lack of loyalty
- Lack of mass audience
- Lack of national audience
- Remaking of old shows
- Striving to produce 'on trend' products or competing with popular genre formats
- Use of trailers and cross channel programming
- Serials rather than series- the ongoing narrative to hook viewers
- Catch up TV
- Streaming TV
- Box sets via streaming
- External sourcing of product content
- Need for stars and glossy production value
- Break up of family viewing
- Erosion of family loyalty
- Channel surfing
- 24/7 media
- Demand for content
- Demand for quality
- Binge viewing
- Impact of meme TV shows
- Search of the on trend shows
- TV shows as brands
- Using social media to comment of live TV
Cufs trailer
What elements did the producers choose to include and why?
- Action clips
- Relationship clips
- Tense
- Violent
- Stressful
- Harassment
- Disrespected
- Full of action
- Dramatic
- Relationships
- Fast pace editing to match the fast pace of the job
- Non diegetic music creating tension
- Aired October 2015
- People like to watch
- Aimed at a wider family audience
- Scheduled at 8 o a weekday with a target audience of 16-65
- offers a range of characters and storylines
- Format/appeal- fits modern post 2010 populist series format
- Narrative meant to be engaging but not threatening to mainstream
Passive and active audience
Active audiences choose what they watch and don't believe everything they hear and question it
Passive audiences will sit and take in all information they hear or see without questioning it.
Cufs used these to appeal to a mainstream audience:
- Comedy elements
- A range of multicultural characters
- Authentic locations
- Exciting police procedural scenes
Cuffs and Social Values 7/2/20
to explore todays social values
to explore todays social values
- the thinking or the actions the majority of our society would accept
- the BBC is a PSB means it is created for the benefit of the public, more comes from the licence fees
- it has a set go guidelines for where the money goes
Ethnicity is shown in cuffs as there are many different races and cultures shown throughout the episode, which reflects the views and religion that is accepted post 2010
Gender is shown throughout the episode as men and women are shown to have high class jobs and have a high status, this shows the views of post 2010 and how they have changed to accept women
Sexuality is shown as gay and straight people are seen throughout, this shows the change in views and how it is accepted to be gay in todays society.
- 'Trope' is a better word for stereotype
- Sensitive, vulnerable officer- Jake
- secretive character- Felix
- comedy character- Lino
PSB Remit
L/O to evaluate how effectively the BBC meets its PSB remit
- Public benefit not for commercial interest
- All of the BBC tv and radio stations have a public service remit
- informing our understanding on the world
- stimulating knowledge and learning
- reflecting the UKs cultural identity
- representing diversity and alternate viewpoints
PSB characteristics
- high quality
- original
- innovative
- challenging
- widely available
- distinctive
Cuffs meets its mission of informing the audience as it shows the viewpoints and changes in todays society. An example of this is that it informs the audience on police life and how they are treated. It can also inform people on the issues and problems in society.
- cross cutting
- fast pace editing during tense scene
- slo motion to show his confusion in the situation
- Switches to hand held camera to show Jakes nerves
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